Moores Ford Lynching Essay - 1010 Words

Moores Ford Lynching On July 25, 1946, two young black couples- Roger and Dorothy Malcom, George and Mae Murray Dorsey-were killed by a lynch mob at the Moores Ford Bridge over the Appalachee River connecting Walton and Oconee Counties (Brooks, 1). The four victims were tied up and shot hundreds of times in broad daylight by a mob of unmasked men; murder weapons included rifles, shotguns, pistols, and a machine gun. Shooting a black person was like shooting a deer, George Dorseys nephew, George Washington Dorsey said (Suggs C1). It has been over fifty years and this case is still unsolved by police investigators. It is known that there were atleast a dozen men involved in these killings. Included in the four that were†¦show more content†¦On the morning before the lynchings, Harrison drove to the house of Dorothy Malcoms parents, who had begged with him to get Roger Malcom out of jail since the stabbing occurred. Harrison refused to pick him up at first, but suddenly changed his mind. Harri son took along with him Dorothy Malcom , who was pregnant at the time, and George Mae Murray Dorsey to Monroe. Their Harrison signed a $600 bond to bail Roger Malcom out of jail. Harrison, with the two black couples in his car, left the county jail at about 5:30 p.m. on July 25, 1946, and headed back along the Athens Highway toward his farm. Authorities said the route he chose was the longest way home, along a winding dirt road (Suggs,C4). According to Harrison, when he reached the bridge at Moores Ford, a car blocked his way (Rivers,1). A mob of twenty to twenty-five unmasked men stopped him at gunpoint (Suggs, C1). Then they took the two couples into the woods, tied them to the trees and shot them. They were so savagely beaten and overwhelmed with bullets that their bodies were ripped to shreds. The only way to tell the bodies apart was by their lips. Investigator Bobby Howard said. When questioning Harrison he told the local authorities and the FBI he could not identify any members of the mob or explain how they knew which way he was coming home. No one was ever prosecuted for the slayings of the African Americans and why it happened isShow MoreRelatedAfrican Americans in American Society 1920s2619 Words   |  11 Pagesracial tensions only grew during the 1920s. Starting from the 1910s, a phenomenon had been occurring known as the Great Migration – the movement of African Americans from Southern cities to Northern ones as a result of extreme racism, the threat of lynching and the general aggression from whites. The African American population grew from 44 000 in 1920 to 234 000 in 1930 in Chicago, and Black Chicagoans gained access to city jobs, expanded their professional class and even won elective office in localRead MoreEvolution of the Imperial Presidency from Fdr to Obama2895 Words   |  12 Pageshe still stuck to the Constitution when it clearly states, â€Å"All men are created equal†. Truman spoke out against lynching, became the first president to address representatives of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), and took many of these cases to court. Truman’s advances to help African Americans, for instance, by putting an end to Southern lynching practices, changed the way society viewed blacks and changed the way that blacks viewed themselves. By allowing blacksRead MoreCase Analysis : The Last Innocent Year 2355 Words   |  10 Pagesorganized, grassroots style of protest would become the model for student protests across the country. For the first time young people began to become more political and demand a say in politics. The year also saw the introduction of a new car, the Ford Mustang. The Film 1964 explained the year in great detail. The film explains the biggest and controversial events of the year. Such as Berkeley, Freedom Summer and the missing men, the Feminine Mystique, and Civil Rights. Although the film coveredRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesthought of arming African American soldiers for combat rather than assigning them to labor duties aroused the fear and ire of Southern politicians because of its threat to the racist status quo, particularly in the South. Vicious race riots and lynchings dotted the wartime and postwar American landscape, as white Americans stymied with violence any aspirations that African Americans had toward equality as a result of their participation in the â€Å"war for democracy.† In this context of the rampant

Analysis Of Wuthering Heights And The Poisonwood Bible

Simply turn on the TV, and on any news channel the viewer is sure to hear reports regarding some issue currently present in society. Most common are stories covering crime, violence, and political scandals. What does not receive as much publicity though, is the abuse and neglect inflicted on children across the country. In literature, characters that experience maltreatment as children tend to fit the â€Å"underdog† mold, for they are unable to stand against the wrongs dealt unto them until a later time or event when they are better suited to fight back; thereby gaining the reader’s sympathy and vote for eventual victory over their antagonist. In Wuthering Heights and The Poisonwood Bible, the victimized children lacked outside support from other members of their respective communities. The same does not have to be true in the U.S. Americans have the power to make a difference in the prevalence of child maltreatment , and understanding the issue is the first step. Research and awareness of child abuse and neglect has increased in the past few decades; however, children are still suffering in today’s society. The consequences of abuse and neglect affect a wide range of categories from health and physical development; to intellectual and cognitive development; to emotional and psychological development; and social and behavioral development. In many instances, more than one type of abuse or neglect is involved, resulting in

Research Design Beyond Nature Writing

Question: Discuss about the Research Design for Beyond Nature Writing. Answer: Introduction The landing of an alien object about 12 months ago on earth possess a great threat to human population. The objective carried with it a new virus that has wiped out millions of humans according to researchers. Projections are that human population will be wiped out within the next 12 months due to skyrocketed rate of death resulting from new virus. For this reason, Company XYZ has developed a vaccine to counteract the virus. Successful preliminary clinical tests on animals have been undertaken by the Company. Unfortunately lack of adequate time has impeded the testing of this vaccine on humans. Company XYZ remains stranded on what particular population it can test the vaccine within the shortest time possible, and yet cover a large human subjects prior to the distribution of the vaccine to the entire worlds population. It is upon this dilemmatic situation that Company XYZ has called for the proposal bids to help locate the best human population to undertake the test save the looming human extinction. The underlying research question of this study will be What is the best large population that will respond faster to the testing and enable Company XYZ to test the vaccine within the shortest time possible to save the looming human extinction from the wrath of a new virus that resulted from the alien object? Literature Review Testing a vaccine with human population is a critical issue that needs a lot of confidence. Vaccine development and testing follow standard set of steps in many countries. For example in the United States, a researcher would not just wake up one day and decide to test a vaccine on human population without following the laid down procedure. The initial stages are exploratory in nature. The literature show that regulation and oversight heightens as the candidate vaccine makes its way via the process. As revealed in XYZ Company, this exploratory stage has been executed successfully since they have reached a point of undertaking test with the human subjects. This means that Company XYZ has passed both exploratory and pre-clinical stages. The next step in determining the best population will involve IND application. In this case Company XYZ will be required to submit an application for an investigational New Drug (IND) to the Food and Drug Administration. The Company XYZ will have to give a comprehensive description of manufacturing as well as testing processes of the vaccine. It will also present a summary of the laboratory reports alongside a detailed description of proposed study (Creswell 2013). The institutional review board which represents an institution in which the clinical trial will be executed will have to approve the clinical protocol. The FDA will have a maximum of thirty days to give approval of the presented application. Upon the approval of IND, the vaccine testing is subjects to three stages of testing. The clinical studies with human subjects will follow based on phase one (vaccine trial), phase II (vaccine trials) and phase III (vaccine trials). In phase I, involves an assessment of candidate vaccine in human encompass small group of adults normally between 20 and 80 subjects. Phase one testing aims at assessing the safety of the candidate vaccine as well as determining the type of alongside extent of immune response provoked by the vaccine. In phase II, a large cohort of hundred people taking part in phasing testing. In this phase certain individuals can belong to cohorts at risk of acquiring the underlying disease. Phase II trials are randomized as well as controlled and entails placebo. The primary goal of Phase II testing is to study the candidate vaccines immunogenicity and safety. It also help determine the vaccines proposed doses, method of delivery as well as immunization schedule. The last stage of vaccine testing is phase II vaccine trials which succeeds successful phase II. In this phase, candidates shift to larger trials. It involves thousands to tens of thousands of individuals of people. The test are randomized as well as double blind. It is at this phase where vaccine testing becomes experimental against a placebo which can either be a saline solution or vaccine for another disease. Phase III aims at assessing vaccine safety in a large population of people. This is because particular rare side effect my fail to manifest in small cohorts tested in stage one and two. It involves both treated and control group and test the efficacy of vaccine as well. It determines whether the candidate vaccine prevents disease and whether it prevents infection with the pathogen. Phase III also determines whether the candidate vaccine leads to production of antibodies alongside additional types of immune responses linked to pathogen. Research question What is the best large population that will respond faster to the testing and enable Company XYZ to test the vaccine within the shortest time possible to save the looming human extinction from the wrath of a new virus that resulted from the alien object? Research objectives To determine the best large population that will respond quickly to vaccine testing to allow Company XYZ to test the candidate vaccine within the shortest time possible to save the impending human extinction from the new virus that accompanied the alien object. Research program It will be a quantitative, comparative, controlled experiments where the investigator will study two intervention services of subjects who receive them in random manner. The RCT is chosen for this study since it is one of the simplest as well as most powerful technique in clinical research. It will also use a placebo and double blind method to ensure that neither the participant nor the investor know those in the test or control group for easily comparison of the efficacy of the vaccine. Research design and methodology The determination of the most appropriate research design is a critical issue that has to consider effectively many factors linked to a particular study. The investigator has to take into account the research hypothesis, questions as well as whether the variables will be utilized. Most importantly, the difficulty of choosing the particular design is surpassed by the study characteristics. In this research, it is appropriate for Company XYZ to use exploratory quantitative research to determine the best population that will help test this vaccine faster. This is effective and in line with the research program which uses a randomized control trials which produce outcomes which are measured. The study will use a randomized trial to recruit the subjects for undertaking this text. An experimental research design will be used to undertake the testing whereby there will both control and treated group who will receive the intervention. The experiment will involve the use of randomized trial and double blind where the testing of the candidate vaccine will be tested against a placebo which will be either a vaccine for another disease or a saline solution. The experimental design will help test the efficacy of the candidate vaccine. Particularly, the testing will stress whether the candidate vaccine prevent disease, whether the infection with the pathogen as well as whether the candidate vaccine lead to the production of antibodies alongside other types of immune response connected to the pathogen. The test will also focus on testing the existence of adverse event linked to the candidate vaccine. The detection of the adverse event will be based on assessing the significant difference for a low-frequency event. This will be achieved through having a large population of subjects with half being in the control or no vaccine cohort. The double blind will be effective in this experiment since neither the subjects nor the experimenters know the participants in the test or control groups during the actual experiment course. Experimental design is the most exemplary models of research or original design in this vaccine testing case. The experimental design is effective as it permits the investigator to control both exogenous variables while eliminating the extraneous variables as compared to other research designs. Moreover, this research design allows for the determination of causal relationships as it involves the manipulation of exposure to exogenous variables. Therefore, the researchers are presented with a promising opportunity to observe cause and effect as well as the influence of exogenous variable on the endogenous variable. It is not easy for the experimental design to do away with or control extraneous variables as this becomes increasingly impossible. Sample unit and sampling methodology The sampling methodology or technique for recruiting the subjects will be randomized trial control. The vaccine testing will have both control and test group in equal numbers. The recruitment will be preceded by a consent given by the participants to take part in the study. Subjects allocation will allocated in either control or test group at random once they have given a consent to participate in the vaccine testing. RCT will be recruit subjects who will receive one of several clinical interventions. The control will be a placebo-based to help measure and compare the outcomes after the subjects receive the intervention to determine the efficacy of the candidate vaccine. RCT will be quantitative in nature since these outcomes are measured. The random technique will, therefore, help recruit the best population for testing the candidate vaccine. The participants will be assured of confidentiality of the information and the health records by ensuring that pseudonyms are used. In addition, they will be told about the intended use of the information collected from them as well as how it will be stored. Moreover, the researcher will also ask for permission from the authorities of hospitals from where the subjects will be recruited. In case the information collected would not be used for the intended purpose, consent will be sought out again from the participants. The participants will also be assured that they are free to leave the study at will irrespective of the time or phase of the experiments. Data Collection Data collection will be based on the outcomes of the test or interventions that will be administered to the treated or test group based on the comparison between the control and test group. The questions that will guide the data collection will be: (i) does the vaccine lead to generation of antibodies or other types of immune responses to associated with pathogen (ii) does the vaccine prevent the infection with the pathogen? (iii) Does the candidate vaccine prevent disease? Together, these questions will help collect the data on efficacy of the vaccine. Others questions will include whether the vaccine is safe in a large group of people as well as whether the candidate vaccine will have certain rare side effects. Other questions will relate to the adverse events occurring after the administration of the candidate vaccine to the test group. Other data to be collected will include the immunogenicity, proposed doses, immunization schedule as well as method of delivering the vaccine. Data will also collected on the type and extent of immune responses that the candidate vaccine will provoke. Data Analysis The analysis of data will be thematic in nature to determine the effectiveness of the vaccine in treating the new virus. It will focus on efficacy of the candidate disease particularly its ability to prevent the disease, its ability to prevent the generate antibodies and its ability to prevent the pathogen infection. The immunogenicity and safety of vaccine will also be analyzed to present the effectiveness of the vaccine. Side effects and adverse events will also be analyzed. The thematic analysis will help make a deduction on whether the population chosen was the best one to test the vaccine. Validity and Reliability The researcher will guarantee the trustworthiness via stressing the validity and credibility of the study. For example, I will strictly try to ensure internal validity. It should be noted that ensuring credibility is an essential factor in establishing trustworthiness. I will adopt the research methods well established by using methods that have used successfully used in previous vaccine testing projects. I will also use such criterion as transferability, conformability as well as dependability to ensure trustworthiness that then accounts for evidence of quality. I will ensure a prolonged engagement in the field so as to immerse myself in participants world. This will greatly help me to have effective insight into the context of the research to limit the distortion of the information. I will also allow for member checks to improve the quality of my quantitative study hence increased credibility (Caputo Scanlon 2007). The limitation of this research will be to deal with a large group to undertake effective vaccine testing. Getting this best population will be the most challenging task of this study. Summary Statement The experimental research design will help address the issue of choosing the population to undertake the vaccine test that Company ZYZ in exploring and will provide the answers to their questions. The randomized Control trial, placebo and double blind will ensure effective recruitment of the subjects. Since the randomized control trial is quantitative in nature, it aligns to quantitative methodology chosen for this study to find the best population (Armbruster 2003). By answering all the question mentioned in the data collection method section, a characteristic of the required population will be revealed and this will help locate the best population to undertake the vaccine test. References Armbruster, Karla, 2003. Beyond Nature Writing: Expanding the Boundaries of Ecocriticism. Charlottesville [u.a.: Univ. Press of Virginia, 2009. Print. Bigo, Didier, Sergio Carrera, Elspeth Guild, and R B. J. Walker 2010. Europe's 21st Century Challenge: Delivering Liberty. Farnham, Surrey, England: Ashgate Pub. Print. Birth of Modernism. England: MCGILL-QUEEN'S U PR, 2011. Print. Brogan, Walter, and James Risser. American Continental Philosophy: A Reader. Bloomington: Indian Tymieniecka, Anna-Teresa. Manifestations of Reason: Life, Historicity, Culture : Reason, Life, Culture, Part Ii-Phenomenology in the Adriatic Countries. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1993. Print. a University Press, 2009. Print. Burger, J. 2009. Replicating Milgram: Would people still obey today?American Psychologist, 64(1), 1-11. CAPUTO, J. D., SCANLON, M. J. (2007). Transcendence and beyond: a postmodern inquiry. Bloomington, IN, Indiana University Press. Creswell, J.W. 2013.Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches(3rd.ed). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Inc. Deleuze/Guattari and Ecology, Bas Genosko, Gary. Flix Guattari. An Aberrant Introduction, London and New York: Continuum, 2008. Dobrin, Sidney I. Wild Things: Children's Culture and Ecocriticism. Detroit: Wayne State Univ. Press, 20011. Print. Flynn, J. R. (1998). IQ gains over time: Toward finding the causes.The rising curve: Long-term gains in IQ and related measures, 25-66. Frankfort-Nachmias, C., Nachmias, D. (2008).Research methods in the social sciences(7th ed.). New York: Worth. Chapter 5 Research Designs. Fromm, Harold, and Cheryll Glotfelty. The Ecocriticism Reader: Landmarks in Literary Ecolo Nirmal, Selvamony, Nirmaldasan, and Rayson K. Alex. Essays in Ecocriticism. Chennai: OSLE--India, 2007. Print. gy. Athens, Ga. [u.a.: Univ. of Georgia Press, 2002. Print. Fuller, Matthew. Media Ecologies. Materialist Energies in Art and Technoculture Cambridge, MA and Lon Fuller, MatthewArt for Animals., in Bernd Herzogenrath (ed.) Garrard, Greg. The Oxford Handbook of Ecocriticism. , 2014. Print Genosko, Gary. Flix Guattari. A Critical Introduction, London: Pluto Pres, 2009. Grigsby, John. Warriors of the Wasteland: A Quest for the Pagan Sacrificial Cult Behind the Grail Legends. London: Watkins, 20013. Print. Guattari, Flix. Chaosmosis. An Ethico-Aesthetic Paradigm. Trans. Paul Bains and Julian Pefanis, Bloomington Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1995. Guattari, Flix.Trans. Ian Pindar and Paul Sutton, The Three Ecologies London and New Brunswick, NJ: The Atholone Press, 2011. Harwood, Wright, Yokokoji. Cross Talk: using the natural environment as eco media-unpublished Summary Paper, March 2008.ingstoke: Palgrave 2008, 266-286don, England: The MIT Press, 2005. Jung, Hwa Y. Comparative Political Culture in the Age of Globalization: An Introductory Anthology. Lanham [u.a.: Lexington Books, 2002. Print Jung, Hwa Y. Transversal Rationality and Intercultural Texts: Essays in Phenomenology and Comparative Philosophy. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2011. Print. Marques, S., Lima, M. L. (2011). Living in grey areas: Industrial activity and psychological health.Journal of Environmental Psychology, 31(4), 314-322. doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2010.12.002. Morton, Timothy. Ecology Without Nature: Rethinking Environmental Aesthetics. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2007. Print. Murphy, Patrick D. Transversal Ecocritical Praxis: Theoretical Arguments, Literary Analysis, and Cultural Critique. , 2013. Internet resource. Patton, M.Q. 2002.Qualitative research and evaluation methods. (3rd. ed). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. Peters, Robert H. 2012. A Critique for Ecology. Cambridge [England: Cambridge University Press, Print. Vakoch, Douglas A. Feminist Ecocriticism: Environment, Women, and Literature. Lanham, Md: Lexington Books, 2012. Print.

Women in Film an Example of the Topic Film Essays by

Women in Film In her book, Bodies: Gender, Genre and Excess, Linda Williams (1991), discussed the concept of excesses in three genres of film. According to her, these three genres of film fall into the categories of film she regards as 'too gross', in the sense that these movies are quite sensational and tend to give the body an 'actual physical jolt'. The three genres of films she isolated for discussion are pornography, horror and melodramas. She posits that these genres of film are deemed excessive for seemingly different, but similar reasons. Need essay sample on "Women in Film" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Pornography deemed excessive for its display of violence and sex; horror films are considered excessive in their displacement of sex onto violence; while melodramas are deemed excessive for their gender and sex-linked pathos and the naked display of emotions. Obviously, these genres fall into the culturally considered 'too gross' for the overdose of sex, violence and emotion exhibited or displayed; that there can be no logic or reason for the existence of such excesses except for their power to excite the human body. However, the author chooses to discuss these three genres, because, she argues, that there may be "some value in thinking about the form, function and system of these seemingly gratuitous excesses. For if as it seems, sex, violence and emotions are fundamental elements of the sensational effects of these three genres of films, then the designation 'gratuitous' is itself gratuitous" (Williams, 1991 p.112). She argues that by comparatively analyzing these genres of films, it might be possible to see beyond the sensations and to explore the structure, system and perhaps the effect of these genres on the bodies of such films' audiences. Building her argument for the exploration of the structure, function and bodily effects of these types of films, the author pointed out the primary features of bodily excess shared by the three genres of film. This included the spectacle of a body caught in the grip of intense emotions or sensation, such as the pornography's portrayal of orgasm, horror 's portrayal of violence and terror, and melodrama's exhibition of intense emotions such as crying. The exhibition of these three forms of bodily excess, she argues, if explored, could give birth to a new direction in genre criticism. She also argues that the visual narratives and pleasures found in these portrayals of bodily excesses could raise questions about gender construction, and gender address in relation to basic sexual fantasies. These genres of films raise questions about gender construction and gender address because, though pornography is aimed at the active men, melodramas aimed at passive women, and horror aimed at adolescents that traverse the gap between the two 'masculine and feminine poles; in all of the genres, the primary figure is the woman's body. She started that the bodies of women figured on the screen in these movie types functions as the "embodiments of pleasure, fear and pain" (p.114). The main thrust of this argument, as she clearly sets out in subsequent sections, is that the woman acts as the primary focus of these movie genres. It is the emotion, the pleasure or the pain of the woman 'victims' in these film types that creates the anticipated effect of spectators. She posits that each of these genre of films 'hinges on a spectacle of "sexually saturated" female bodies, though this is effected differently in the three genres discussed, the results is almost always the same. In making sense of the movie, 'The Contender', one the genre of melodrama as discussed by Williams (1991) comes to mind. While the movie in a sense belongs to the genre of thriller (political thriller to be precise) it invokes the emotions and the centrally placed figure of a woman's emotions and struggles as discussed by Williams (1991). The movie highlights the travails of a lady Vice President. Senator Laine Hanson is depicted as intelligent, smart and principled, but after her nomination for the post of the Vice President, she becomes a victim of vicious attack on her personal life. She is accused of sexual immorality that threatens her post as the Vice President. She becomes torn between fighting back or sticking to her high principles and thus, refusing to comment on the grave allegations. The primary spectacle that cut across the movie is the emotions of a woman. She has face victimization and intense emotional moments, which characterize such genes of films, but later coming out victorious. However, countering the general notion that it is the tears and emotions involved in this movies types that creates the pleasure derived from such movies by spectators or that it is the weeping woman that appeals to the abnormal perversions of the masochism in female viewers, Williams (1991), assert that concepts point to the ambiguity in using perversion in describing the normal pleasures of movie viewing. She argues that it is the emotion involved in these film types that create the desired effect on the viewer. And that what sets these movies out is the fact that the bodies of the spectators are caught in an involuntary mimicry of the emotion displayed on the screen and the success of such movies is measured by the degree to which the audience sensations mimic what is shown on the screen. What is obvious from the foregoing is that emotions in these genres of movies produce similar sensations in the audiences. This can also be used to explain Maureen Dowds (2008) article about how Hillary Clinton seem to be using tears as a tool to win her presidential ticket. The concluding remark of the article "At her victory party, Hillary was like the heroine of a Lifetime movie, a woman in peril who manages to triumph" depicts the typical scenario of the melodrama genre, where a victimized and tortured woman after series of emotion soaked moments, finally triumphs over her situation. It also points to the fact that the woman tears indeed exact some physical effects of the body of the viewers, in reality, as it does in watching a movie. References Linda Williams (1991). Film Bodies: Gender, Genre and Excess. Film Quarterly, 44(4): 2-13. The Contender (film). [Online Essay]. Accessed Feb. 6 2008. Dowd, Maureen (2008). Can Hillary Cry Her Way Back to the White House? Accessed Feb. 6 2008.