Moores Ford Lynching Essay - 1010 Words

Moores Ford Lynching On July 25, 1946, two young black couples- Roger and Dorothy Malcom, George and Mae Murray Dorsey-were killed by a lynch mob at the Moores Ford Bridge over the Appalachee River connecting Walton and Oconee Counties (Brooks, 1). The four victims were tied up and shot hundreds of times in broad daylight by a mob of unmasked men; murder weapons included rifles, shotguns, pistols, and a machine gun. Shooting a black person was like shooting a deer, George Dorseys nephew, George Washington Dorsey said (Suggs C1). It has been over fifty years and this case is still unsolved by police investigators. It is known that there were atleast a dozen men involved in these killings. Included in the four that were†¦show more content†¦On the morning before the lynchings, Harrison drove to the house of Dorothy Malcoms parents, who had begged with him to get Roger Malcom out of jail since the stabbing occurred. Harrison refused to pick him up at first, but suddenly changed his mind. Harri son took along with him Dorothy Malcom , who was pregnant at the time, and George Mae Murray Dorsey to Monroe. Their Harrison signed a $600 bond to bail Roger Malcom out of jail. Harrison, with the two black couples in his car, left the county jail at about 5:30 p.m. on July 25, 1946, and headed back along the Athens Highway toward his farm. Authorities said the route he chose was the longest way home, along a winding dirt road (Suggs,C4). According to Harrison, when he reached the bridge at Moores Ford, a car blocked his way (Rivers,1). A mob of twenty to twenty-five unmasked men stopped him at gunpoint (Suggs, C1). Then they took the two couples into the woods, tied them to the trees and shot them. They were so savagely beaten and overwhelmed with bullets that their bodies were ripped to shreds. The only way to tell the bodies apart was by their lips. Investigator Bobby Howard said. When questioning Harrison he told the local authorities and the FBI he could not identify any members of the mob or explain how they knew which way he was coming home. No one was ever prosecuted for the slayings of the African Americans and why it happened isShow MoreRelatedAfrican Americans in American Society 1920s2619 Words   |  11 Pagesracial tensions only grew during the 1920s. Starting from the 1910s, a phenomenon had been occurring known as the Great Migration – the movement of African Americans from Southern cities to Northern ones as a result of extreme racism, the threat of lynching and the general aggression from whites. The African American population grew from 44 000 in 1920 to 234 000 in 1930 in Chicago, and Black Chicagoans gained access to city jobs, expanded their professional class and even won elective office in localRead MoreEvolution of the Imperial Presidency from Fdr to Obama2895 Words   |  12 Pageshe still stuck to the Constitution when it clearly states, â€Å"All men are created equal†. Truman spoke out against lynching, became the first president to address representatives of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), and took many of these cases to court. Truman’s advances to help African Americans, for instance, by putting an end to Southern lynching practices, changed the way society viewed blacks and changed the way that blacks viewed themselves. By allowing blacksRead MoreCase Analysis : The Last Innocent Year 2355 Words   |  10 Pagesorganized, grassroots style of protest would become the model for student protests across the country. For the first time young people began to become more political and demand a say in politics. The year also saw the introduction of a new car, the Ford Mustang. The Film 1964 explained the year in great detail. The film explains the biggest and controversial events of the year. Such as Berkeley, Freedom Summer and the missing men, the Feminine Mystique, and Civil Rights. Although the film coveredRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesthought of arming African American soldiers for combat rather than assigning them to labor duties aroused the fear and ire of Southern politicians because of its threat to the racist status quo, particularly in the South. Vicious race riots and lynchings dotted the wartime and postwar American landscape, as white Americans stymied with violence any aspirations that African Americans had toward equality as a result of their participation in the â€Å"war for democracy.† In this context of the rampant

Analysis Of Wuthering Heights And The Poisonwood Bible

Simply turn on the TV, and on any news channel the viewer is sure to hear reports regarding some issue currently present in society. Most common are stories covering crime, violence, and political scandals. What does not receive as much publicity though, is the abuse and neglect inflicted on children across the country. In literature, characters that experience maltreatment as children tend to fit the â€Å"underdog† mold, for they are unable to stand against the wrongs dealt unto them until a later time or event when they are better suited to fight back; thereby gaining the reader’s sympathy and vote for eventual victory over their antagonist. In Wuthering Heights and The Poisonwood Bible, the victimized children lacked outside support from other members of their respective communities. The same does not have to be true in the U.S. Americans have the power to make a difference in the prevalence of child maltreatment , and understanding the issue is the first step. Research and awareness of child abuse and neglect has increased in the past few decades; however, children are still suffering in today’s society. The consequences of abuse and neglect affect a wide range of categories from health and physical development; to intellectual and cognitive development; to emotional and psychological development; and social and behavioral development. In many instances, more than one type of abuse or neglect is involved, resulting in

Research Design Beyond Nature Writing

Question: Discuss about the Research Design for Beyond Nature Writing. Answer: Introduction The landing of an alien object about 12 months ago on earth possess a great threat to human population. The objective carried with it a new virus that has wiped out millions of humans according to researchers. Projections are that human population will be wiped out within the next 12 months due to skyrocketed rate of death resulting from new virus. For this reason, Company XYZ has developed a vaccine to counteract the virus. Successful preliminary clinical tests on animals have been undertaken by the Company. Unfortunately lack of adequate time has impeded the testing of this vaccine on humans. Company XYZ remains stranded on what particular population it can test the vaccine within the shortest time possible, and yet cover a large human subjects prior to the distribution of the vaccine to the entire worlds population. It is upon this dilemmatic situation that Company XYZ has called for the proposal bids to help locate the best human population to undertake the test save the looming human extinction. The underlying research question of this study will be What is the best large population that will respond faster to the testing and enable Company XYZ to test the vaccine within the shortest time possible to save the looming human extinction from the wrath of a new virus that resulted from the alien object? Literature Review Testing a vaccine with human population is a critical issue that needs a lot of confidence. Vaccine development and testing follow standard set of steps in many countries. For example in the United States, a researcher would not just wake up one day and decide to test a vaccine on human population without following the laid down procedure. The initial stages are exploratory in nature. The literature show that regulation and oversight heightens as the candidate vaccine makes its way via the process. As revealed in XYZ Company, this exploratory stage has been executed successfully since they have reached a point of undertaking test with the human subjects. This means that Company XYZ has passed both exploratory and pre-clinical stages. The next step in determining the best population will involve IND application. In this case Company XYZ will be required to submit an application for an investigational New Drug (IND) to the Food and Drug Administration. The Company XYZ will have to give a comprehensive description of manufacturing as well as testing processes of the vaccine. It will also present a summary of the laboratory reports alongside a detailed description of proposed study (Creswell 2013). The institutional review board which represents an institution in which the clinical trial will be executed will have to approve the clinical protocol. The FDA will have a maximum of thirty days to give approval of the presented application. Upon the approval of IND, the vaccine testing is subjects to three stages of testing. The clinical studies with human subjects will follow based on phase one (vaccine trial), phase II (vaccine trials) and phase III (vaccine trials). In phase I, involves an assessment of candidate vaccine in human encompass small group of adults normally between 20 and 80 subjects. Phase one testing aims at assessing the safety of the candidate vaccine as well as determining the type of alongside extent of immune response provoked by the vaccine. In phase II, a large cohort of hundred people taking part in phasing testing. In this phase certain individuals can belong to cohorts at risk of acquiring the underlying disease. Phase II trials are randomized as well as controlled and entails placebo. The primary goal of Phase II testing is to study the candidate vaccines immunogenicity and safety. It also help determine the vaccines proposed doses, method of delivery as well as immunization schedule. The last stage of vaccine testing is phase II vaccine trials which succeeds successful phase II. In this phase, candidates shift to larger trials. It involves thousands to tens of thousands of individuals of people. The test are randomized as well as double blind. It is at this phase where vaccine testing becomes experimental against a placebo which can either be a saline solution or vaccine for another disease. Phase III aims at assessing vaccine safety in a large population of people. This is because particular rare side effect my fail to manifest in small cohorts tested in stage one and two. It involves both treated and control group and test the efficacy of vaccine as well. It determines whether the candidate vaccine prevents disease and whether it prevents infection with the pathogen. Phase III also determines whether the candidate vaccine leads to production of antibodies alongside additional types of immune responses linked to pathogen. Research question What is the best large population that will respond faster to the testing and enable Company XYZ to test the vaccine within the shortest time possible to save the looming human extinction from the wrath of a new virus that resulted from the alien object? Research objectives To determine the best large population that will respond quickly to vaccine testing to allow Company XYZ to test the candidate vaccine within the shortest time possible to save the impending human extinction from the new virus that accompanied the alien object. Research program It will be a quantitative, comparative, controlled experiments where the investigator will study two intervention services of subjects who receive them in random manner. The RCT is chosen for this study since it is one of the simplest as well as most powerful technique in clinical research. It will also use a placebo and double blind method to ensure that neither the participant nor the investor know those in the test or control group for easily comparison of the efficacy of the vaccine. Research design and methodology The determination of the most appropriate research design is a critical issue that has to consider effectively many factors linked to a particular study. The investigator has to take into account the research hypothesis, questions as well as whether the variables will be utilized. Most importantly, the difficulty of choosing the particular design is surpassed by the study characteristics. In this research, it is appropriate for Company XYZ to use exploratory quantitative research to determine the best population that will help test this vaccine faster. This is effective and in line with the research program which uses a randomized control trials which produce outcomes which are measured. The study will use a randomized trial to recruit the subjects for undertaking this text. An experimental research design will be used to undertake the testing whereby there will both control and treated group who will receive the intervention. The experiment will involve the use of randomized trial and double blind where the testing of the candidate vaccine will be tested against a placebo which will be either a vaccine for another disease or a saline solution. The experimental design will help test the efficacy of the candidate vaccine. Particularly, the testing will stress whether the candidate vaccine prevent disease, whether the infection with the pathogen as well as whether the candidate vaccine lead to the production of antibodies alongside other types of immune response connected to the pathogen. The test will also focus on testing the existence of adverse event linked to the candidate vaccine. The detection of the adverse event will be based on assessing the significant difference for a low-frequency event. This will be achieved through having a large population of subjects with half being in the control or no vaccine cohort. The double blind will be effective in this experiment since neither the subjects nor the experimenters know the participants in the test or control groups during the actual experiment course. Experimental design is the most exemplary models of research or original design in this vaccine testing case. The experimental design is effective as it permits the investigator to control both exogenous variables while eliminating the extraneous variables as compared to other research designs. Moreover, this research design allows for the determination of causal relationships as it involves the manipulation of exposure to exogenous variables. Therefore, the researchers are presented with a promising opportunity to observe cause and effect as well as the influence of exogenous variable on the endogenous variable. It is not easy for the experimental design to do away with or control extraneous variables as this becomes increasingly impossible. Sample unit and sampling methodology The sampling methodology or technique for recruiting the subjects will be randomized trial control. The vaccine testing will have both control and test group in equal numbers. The recruitment will be preceded by a consent given by the participants to take part in the study. Subjects allocation will allocated in either control or test group at random once they have given a consent to participate in the vaccine testing. RCT will be recruit subjects who will receive one of several clinical interventions. The control will be a placebo-based to help measure and compare the outcomes after the subjects receive the intervention to determine the efficacy of the candidate vaccine. RCT will be quantitative in nature since these outcomes are measured. The random technique will, therefore, help recruit the best population for testing the candidate vaccine. The participants will be assured of confidentiality of the information and the health records by ensuring that pseudonyms are used. In addition, they will be told about the intended use of the information collected from them as well as how it will be stored. Moreover, the researcher will also ask for permission from the authorities of hospitals from where the subjects will be recruited. In case the information collected would not be used for the intended purpose, consent will be sought out again from the participants. The participants will also be assured that they are free to leave the study at will irrespective of the time or phase of the experiments. Data Collection Data collection will be based on the outcomes of the test or interventions that will be administered to the treated or test group based on the comparison between the control and test group. The questions that will guide the data collection will be: (i) does the vaccine lead to generation of antibodies or other types of immune responses to associated with pathogen (ii) does the vaccine prevent the infection with the pathogen? (iii) Does the candidate vaccine prevent disease? Together, these questions will help collect the data on efficacy of the vaccine. Others questions will include whether the vaccine is safe in a large group of people as well as whether the candidate vaccine will have certain rare side effects. Other questions will relate to the adverse events occurring after the administration of the candidate vaccine to the test group. Other data to be collected will include the immunogenicity, proposed doses, immunization schedule as well as method of delivering the vaccine. Data will also collected on the type and extent of immune responses that the candidate vaccine will provoke. Data Analysis The analysis of data will be thematic in nature to determine the effectiveness of the vaccine in treating the new virus. It will focus on efficacy of the candidate disease particularly its ability to prevent the disease, its ability to prevent the generate antibodies and its ability to prevent the pathogen infection. The immunogenicity and safety of vaccine will also be analyzed to present the effectiveness of the vaccine. Side effects and adverse events will also be analyzed. The thematic analysis will help make a deduction on whether the population chosen was the best one to test the vaccine. Validity and Reliability The researcher will guarantee the trustworthiness via stressing the validity and credibility of the study. For example, I will strictly try to ensure internal validity. It should be noted that ensuring credibility is an essential factor in establishing trustworthiness. I will adopt the research methods well established by using methods that have used successfully used in previous vaccine testing projects. I will also use such criterion as transferability, conformability as well as dependability to ensure trustworthiness that then accounts for evidence of quality. I will ensure a prolonged engagement in the field so as to immerse myself in participants world. This will greatly help me to have effective insight into the context of the research to limit the distortion of the information. I will also allow for member checks to improve the quality of my quantitative study hence increased credibility (Caputo Scanlon 2007). The limitation of this research will be to deal with a large group to undertake effective vaccine testing. Getting this best population will be the most challenging task of this study. Summary Statement The experimental research design will help address the issue of choosing the population to undertake the vaccine test that Company ZYZ in exploring and will provide the answers to their questions. The randomized Control trial, placebo and double blind will ensure effective recruitment of the subjects. Since the randomized control trial is quantitative in nature, it aligns to quantitative methodology chosen for this study to find the best population (Armbruster 2003). By answering all the question mentioned in the data collection method section, a characteristic of the required population will be revealed and this will help locate the best population to undertake the vaccine test. References Armbruster, Karla, 2003. Beyond Nature Writing: Expanding the Boundaries of Ecocriticism. Charlottesville [u.a.: Univ. Press of Virginia, 2009. Print. Bigo, Didier, Sergio Carrera, Elspeth Guild, and R B. J. Walker 2010. Europe's 21st Century Challenge: Delivering Liberty. Farnham, Surrey, England: Ashgate Pub. Print. Birth of Modernism. England: MCGILL-QUEEN'S U PR, 2011. Print. Brogan, Walter, and James Risser. American Continental Philosophy: A Reader. Bloomington: Indian Tymieniecka, Anna-Teresa. Manifestations of Reason: Life, Historicity, Culture : Reason, Life, Culture, Part Ii-Phenomenology in the Adriatic Countries. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1993. Print. a University Press, 2009. Print. Burger, J. 2009. Replicating Milgram: Would people still obey today?American Psychologist, 64(1), 1-11. CAPUTO, J. D., SCANLON, M. J. (2007). Transcendence and beyond: a postmodern inquiry. Bloomington, IN, Indiana University Press. Creswell, J.W. 2013.Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches(3rd.ed). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Inc. Deleuze/Guattari and Ecology, Bas Genosko, Gary. Flix Guattari. An Aberrant Introduction, London and New York: Continuum, 2008. Dobrin, Sidney I. Wild Things: Children's Culture and Ecocriticism. Detroit: Wayne State Univ. Press, 20011. Print. Flynn, J. R. (1998). IQ gains over time: Toward finding the causes.The rising curve: Long-term gains in IQ and related measures, 25-66. Frankfort-Nachmias, C., Nachmias, D. (2008).Research methods in the social sciences(7th ed.). New York: Worth. Chapter 5 Research Designs. Fromm, Harold, and Cheryll Glotfelty. The Ecocriticism Reader: Landmarks in Literary Ecolo Nirmal, Selvamony, Nirmaldasan, and Rayson K. Alex. Essays in Ecocriticism. Chennai: OSLE--India, 2007. Print. gy. Athens, Ga. [u.a.: Univ. of Georgia Press, 2002. Print. Fuller, Matthew. Media Ecologies. Materialist Energies in Art and Technoculture Cambridge, MA and Lon Fuller, MatthewArt for Animals., in Bernd Herzogenrath (ed.) Garrard, Greg. The Oxford Handbook of Ecocriticism. , 2014. Print Genosko, Gary. Flix Guattari. A Critical Introduction, London: Pluto Pres, 2009. Grigsby, John. Warriors of the Wasteland: A Quest for the Pagan Sacrificial Cult Behind the Grail Legends. London: Watkins, 20013. Print. Guattari, Flix. Chaosmosis. An Ethico-Aesthetic Paradigm. Trans. Paul Bains and Julian Pefanis, Bloomington Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1995. Guattari, Flix.Trans. Ian Pindar and Paul Sutton, The Three Ecologies London and New Brunswick, NJ: The Atholone Press, 2011. Harwood, Wright, Yokokoji. Cross Talk: using the natural environment as eco media-unpublished Summary Paper, March 2008.ingstoke: Palgrave 2008, 266-286don, England: The MIT Press, 2005. Jung, Hwa Y. Comparative Political Culture in the Age of Globalization: An Introductory Anthology. Lanham [u.a.: Lexington Books, 2002. Print Jung, Hwa Y. Transversal Rationality and Intercultural Texts: Essays in Phenomenology and Comparative Philosophy. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2011. Print. Marques, S., Lima, M. L. (2011). Living in grey areas: Industrial activity and psychological health.Journal of Environmental Psychology, 31(4), 314-322. doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2010.12.002. Morton, Timothy. Ecology Without Nature: Rethinking Environmental Aesthetics. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2007. Print. Murphy, Patrick D. Transversal Ecocritical Praxis: Theoretical Arguments, Literary Analysis, and Cultural Critique. , 2013. Internet resource. Patton, M.Q. 2002.Qualitative research and evaluation methods. (3rd. ed). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. Peters, Robert H. 2012. A Critique for Ecology. Cambridge [England: Cambridge University Press, Print. Vakoch, Douglas A. Feminist Ecocriticism: Environment, Women, and Literature. Lanham, Md: Lexington Books, 2012. Print.

Women in Film an Example of the Topic Film Essays by

Women in Film In her book, Bodies: Gender, Genre and Excess, Linda Williams (1991), discussed the concept of excesses in three genres of film. According to her, these three genres of film fall into the categories of film she regards as 'too gross', in the sense that these movies are quite sensational and tend to give the body an 'actual physical jolt'. The three genres of films she isolated for discussion are pornography, horror and melodramas. She posits that these genres of film are deemed excessive for seemingly different, but similar reasons. Need essay sample on "Women in Film" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Pornography deemed excessive for its display of violence and sex; horror films are considered excessive in their displacement of sex onto violence; while melodramas are deemed excessive for their gender and sex-linked pathos and the naked display of emotions. Obviously, these genres fall into the culturally considered 'too gross' for the overdose of sex, violence and emotion exhibited or displayed; that there can be no logic or reason for the existence of such excesses except for their power to excite the human body. However, the author chooses to discuss these three genres, because, she argues, that there may be "some value in thinking about the form, function and system of these seemingly gratuitous excesses. For if as it seems, sex, violence and emotions are fundamental elements of the sensational effects of these three genres of films, then the designation 'gratuitous' is itself gratuitous" (Williams, 1991 p.112). She argues that by comparatively analyzing these genres of films, it might be possible to see beyond the sensations and to explore the structure, system and perhaps the effect of these genres on the bodies of such films' audiences. Building her argument for the exploration of the structure, function and bodily effects of these types of films, the author pointed out the primary features of bodily excess shared by the three genres of film. This included the spectacle of a body caught in the grip of intense emotions or sensation, such as the pornography's portrayal of orgasm, horror 's portrayal of violence and terror, and melodrama's exhibition of intense emotions such as crying. The exhibition of these three forms of bodily excess, she argues, if explored, could give birth to a new direction in genre criticism. She also argues that the visual narratives and pleasures found in these portrayals of bodily excesses could raise questions about gender construction, and gender address in relation to basic sexual fantasies. These genres of films raise questions about gender construction and gender address because, though pornography is aimed at the active men, melodramas aimed at passive women, and horror aimed at adolescents that traverse the gap between the two 'masculine and feminine poles; in all of the genres, the primary figure is the woman's body. She started that the bodies of women figured on the screen in these movie types functions as the "embodiments of pleasure, fear and pain" (p.114). The main thrust of this argument, as she clearly sets out in subsequent sections, is that the woman acts as the primary focus of these movie genres. It is the emotion, the pleasure or the pain of the woman 'victims' in these film types that creates the anticipated effect of spectators. She posits that each of these genre of films 'hinges on a spectacle of "sexually saturated" female bodies, though this is effected differently in the three genres discussed, the results is almost always the same. In making sense of the movie, 'The Contender', one the genre of melodrama as discussed by Williams (1991) comes to mind. While the movie in a sense belongs to the genre of thriller (political thriller to be precise) it invokes the emotions and the centrally placed figure of a woman's emotions and struggles as discussed by Williams (1991). The movie highlights the travails of a lady Vice President. Senator Laine Hanson is depicted as intelligent, smart and principled, but after her nomination for the post of the Vice President, she becomes a victim of vicious attack on her personal life. She is accused of sexual immorality that threatens her post as the Vice President. She becomes torn between fighting back or sticking to her high principles and thus, refusing to comment on the grave allegations. The primary spectacle that cut across the movie is the emotions of a woman. She has face victimization and intense emotional moments, which characterize such genes of films, but later coming out victorious. However, countering the general notion that it is the tears and emotions involved in this movies types that creates the pleasure derived from such movies by spectators or that it is the weeping woman that appeals to the abnormal perversions of the masochism in female viewers, Williams (1991), assert that concepts point to the ambiguity in using perversion in describing the normal pleasures of movie viewing. She argues that it is the emotion involved in these film types that create the desired effect on the viewer. And that what sets these movies out is the fact that the bodies of the spectators are caught in an involuntary mimicry of the emotion displayed on the screen and the success of such movies is measured by the degree to which the audience sensations mimic what is shown on the screen. What is obvious from the foregoing is that emotions in these genres of movies produce similar sensations in the audiences. This can also be used to explain Maureen Dowds (2008) article about how Hillary Clinton seem to be using tears as a tool to win her presidential ticket. The concluding remark of the article "At her victory party, Hillary was like the heroine of a Lifetime movie, a woman in peril who manages to triumph" depicts the typical scenario of the melodrama genre, where a victimized and tortured woman after series of emotion soaked moments, finally triumphs over her situation. It also points to the fact that the woman tears indeed exact some physical effects of the body of the viewers, in reality, as it does in watching a movie. References Linda Williams (1991). Film Bodies: Gender, Genre and Excess. Film Quarterly, 44(4): 2-13. The Contender (film). [Online Essay]. Accessed Feb. 6 2008. Dowd, Maureen (2008). Can Hillary Cry Her Way Back to the White House? Accessed Feb. 6 2008.

Heart Of Darkness Essay Essays - Congo Free State, Heart Of Darkness

Heart of Darkness Essay Heart of Darkness Essay Though Conrad did not learn English until he was twenty-one, he still mastered the language and artfully uses it in Heart of Darkness. One sentence of his is particularly striking, as it sums up the views that he condemns throughout the novella. The accountant, one of the first imperialists Marlow meets, says to him, "When one has got to make correct entries, one comes to hate these savages?hate them to the death." This sentence is a perfect example of the typical imperialistic belief that Marlow denounces, and serves as a synecdoche for the entire work. One important characteristic of imperialistic belief is the impersonality that makes imperialism happen. The repetition of the word "one" is significant because it shows that detachment. The imperialists try to appease their consciences by making the natives less than human. Marlow and Kurtz are both exceptions to this ideal, but in contrasting ways. Kurtz uses fear to belittle the natives, but does not take away their humanity. Marlow, however, considers the natives to be humans and respects their work ethics and humanity. Both Kurtz and Marlow in fact find great relationships with natives: Kurtz with his African mistress, and Marlow with his helmsman, to whom he was "a devoted friend". This important difference in attitude between Marlow and Kurtz and the typical imperialist is an integral part of the novella. The phrase "hate them to the death" also shows the dehumanization of the native Africans. When looked at for its literal meaning, this clause suggests that until the natives die, there can be no emotion for them but hate. It is an easy ideal to follow, and makes the complete oppression more easily forgiven for the imperialists. Marlow, however, once again has a contrasting opinion. When he visits the black grove of death, he feels pity for the men who are no longer human enough to die in peace, but must remove themselves to a deserted place where they cannot be downtrodden. The accountant is merely disturbed by the presence of a dying man where he must make his "correct entries". This passage shows the businesslike nature of imperialism once again, as the numbers of the business are more important to the white men, excluding Marlow, than the humanity of it. This sentence serves as an embodiment of the imperialist theory as whole, which Conrad attacks, through Marlow, throughout the novella. Marlow wholeheartedly disagrees with the treatment of the natives, because he has a strong belief in the importance of work ethic and the sacredness of humanity, as shown by his sympathy for his helmsman, and also for Kurtz's Intended. The imperialists, such as the manager and the accountant, have only a fickle loyalty to what or whoever is the most profitable connection. Because of Marlow's belief in the native's humanity, the imperialists throughout the novella condemn him. Though this one sentence seems unimportant, in fact it is an integral part of the novel. Conrad is displaying a simple, easily understood theory that he then illustrates. Here, one of few times in the story, Conrad avoids clouding his belief and makes a thorough examination both plausible and, indeed, interesting. The accountant's statement epitomizes imperialistic beliefs which Conrad, in his sense of humanity, condemns.

The Indian Education System Merits Demerits Essays

The Indian Education System Merits Demerits Essays The Indian Education System Merits Demerits Essay The Indian Education System Merits Demerits Essay Essay Topic: Education The Vedas, Puranas, Ayurveda,Yoga, Kautilyas Arthasahtra are only some of the milestones that the traditional Indian knowledge system boasts of. There are evidences of imparting formal education in ancient India under the Gurukul system. Under the Gurukul system, young boys who were passing through the Brahmacharya stage of life had to stay at the Guru or the teachers home and complete their education. Although the ancient system of education has produced many geniuses and still a major area of research. Women and people of lower castes gradually lost their right to educate themselves. The spread of Jainism, Buddhism, Bhakti and Sufi movements did have some liberating effects on the condition of the women. But it is the English language and the reformation movements of the 19th century that had the most liberating effect in pre-independent India. Thus, the Britishers, although rightly criticized for devastating the Indian economy, can also be credited for bringing a revolution in the Indian education system. II. Types of Education There are different types of education in India. Every individual has the right to choose a method (As mentioned below) for his education. Universities play a major role in the lives of students in India. There are universities focusing on the study of medicine, arts and language, journalism, social work, business, commerce, planning, architecture, engineering, and other specialized studies. Most Indian universities teach in English Medium and conduct special language classes for those weak in English. With 343 universities and 17000 colleges, India offers a wide spectrum of courses that are recognized globally. Apart from undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral courses, there are many training and diploma-level institutes and polytechnics that cater to the growing demand for skill-based and vocational education. The quality education that India offers is within the reach of every income-group considering the reasonable fee structure. With 66 distance education institutions functioning in 60 universities besides 11 open universities, India has an enlarged outreach of distance education as well. Present Condition of Education in India:Â  Soon after gaining independence in 1947, making education available to all had become a priority for the government. As discrimination on the basis of caste and gender has been a major impediment in the healthy development of the Indian society, they have been made unlawful by the Indian constitution. The 86th constitutional amendment has also made elementary education a fundamental right for the children between the age group- 6 to 14. According to the 2001 census, the total literacy rate in India is 65. 38%. The female literacy rate is only 54. 16%. The gap between rural and urban literacy rate is also very significant in India. This is evident from the fact that only 59. 4% of rural population are literate as against 80. 3% urban population according to the 2001 census. In order to develop the higher education system, the government had established the University Grants Commission in 1953. The primary role of UGC has been to regulate the standard and spread of higher education in India. There has been a marked progress in the expansion of higher education if we look at the increase of higher educational institutes in India. The higher education system in India comprise of more than17000 colleges, 20 central universities, 217 State Universities, 106 Deemed to Universities and 13 institutes of National importance. This number will soon inflate as the setting up of 30 more central universities, 8 new IITs, 7 IIMs and 5 new Indian Institutes of Science are now proposed. Education System in India: The present education system in India mainly comprises of primary education, secondary education, senior secondary education and higher education. Elementary education consists of eight years of education. Each of secondary and senior secondary education consists of two years of education. Higher education in India starts after passing the higher secondary education or the 12th standard. Depending on the stream, doing graduation in India can take three to five years. Post graduate courses are generally of two to three years of duration. After completing post graduation, scope for doing research in various educational institutes also remains open. Prominent Educational Institutes in India: There are quite a good number of educational institutes in India that can compete with the best educational institutes of the world. The Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs), Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs), Indian Institutes of Science, National Law Schools, Jawaharlal Nehru University are some such institutes. Education for the Marginalized in India: As education is the means for bringing socio- economic transformation in a society, various measures are being taken to enhance the access of education to the marginalized sections of the society. One such measure is the introduction of the reservation system in the institutes of higher education. Under the present law, 7. 5% seats in the higher educational institutes are reserved for the scheduled tribes, 15% for scheduled castes and 27% for the non creamy layers of the Other Backward Classes (OBCs). Under the Indian constitution, various minority groups can also set up their own educational institutes. Efforts are also being taken to improve the access to higher education among the women of India by setting up various educational institutes exclusively for them or reserving seats in the already existing institutes. The growing acceptance of distance learning courses and expansion of the open university system is also contributing a lot in the democratization of higher education in India. Despite all the efforts to develop the education system in India, access, equity and quality of education in India continue to haunt the policy makers till this date. This has mainly been due to the widespread poverty and various prejudices. The inability to check the drop out rates among the marginalized sections of the population is another cause of worry. However, the renewed emphasis in the education sector in the 11th five year plan and increased expenditure in both primary and higher education can act as palliatives for the Indian education system. Education has become a career necessity in todays business world. College graduation will qualify you for many jobs that would not be available to you any other way. Your career advancement should be easier because some job promotions require a college degree. Education will help you develop your skills in reasoning, tolerance, reflection, and communication. These skills will help you resolve the conflicts and solve crisis that come up in the course of a personal or professional life. Education will also help you understand other peoples viewpoints, and learn how to disagree sensibly. A satisfied life depends upon the rational resolution of conflicts and crises. Of course, these critical skills can be developed without going to college, but the college environment has proven to be a good place to practice, learn and polish skills that will last you a lifetime.

Health Isurance and Quality Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Health Isurance and Quality - Research Paper Example Erris in his report on Safer Health System recons that medical errors cause’s high death rate, disability and terminal ailment. The DHCS has since introduced policies that help in reducing health care acquired problems. It also emphasis on monitoring and tracking of health care progress to ensure better health care services. DHCS has established measures such as the realization of section 2702, ACA. According to this section, the Department of Health aims at reducing preventable health conditions such as a foreign object after a surgery, a falls, trauma and surgical infections (Douglas, 2012). Moreover, implementation of ‘Delivery System Reform Incentive Pool’ (DSRIP) helps in improving the quality of health care(Douglas, 2012). DSRIP is financed through the Medicaid program. The program aims at improving early detection and management of serious blood infections. Douglas outline more preventable measure including reducing harm in hospitals, preventable events and improving on maternal health care and obstetrical outcome. Provision of effective, efficient and affordable health care is a measure that improves on the quality of health care. In order for an effective health system, the department of health has simultaneously considered the need for proper health care in relation to population health, per capita cost of health care and quality given that there are limited resources. These challenges require development of health care models such as organizations, medical homes and, ensuring none of abuses and fraud in care givers. DHCS has provision that enhances care of Seniors and People with Disabilities. To this effect, the DHCS utilizes the 11 15 Waiver that allows it to coordinate, manage and improve care to Seniors members and Persons with Disabilities (Douglas, 2012). The DHCS is in the process of developing an innovative program where people eligible for Medi-Cal and Medicare will find assistance. The

History of Architecture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

History of Architecture - Essay Example It will also reveal innovative new building technologies and strategies that can help and restore the viability of a natural cycle (History of architecture, 12). This essay will also touch on the main functions of a shelter and how humans have continuously adapted to differing environments through an amazing diversity of structure. Humans are required to live harmoniously with each other for future growth of the environment. This essay will discuss the nature of dwelling (from the urban scale to the â€Å"home†) in the built environment from the 18th-21st centuries, putting into consideration the scale of the city and the individual or multi-family dwelling. In addition, this essay will describe the design global and the local-built environment from the 18th-21st century and what were happening during the age of reason or enlightenment period, the modern period, and the postmodern period. The traces that are found in caves makes us believe that early humans were living in cave s. The bones they gnawed, even their own bones, and the flints they used were creped around for ever in a cave but get scattered or demolished somewhere else. Caves were winter shelters, and none wished to remain inside on a summer day. This is similar to the response that our ancestors portrayed. The right to travel extensively for the goals of hunting as well as gathering called for the need for at least a short-term shelter. The demand for shelter brought about the beginning of architecture (Pryce, 19). The early human needed a shelter against rain and sun hence they would lean some protective shields, for example, they used leafy branches against the trunk of a tree. Traces of early dwellings that can be counted as reliable were found for as early as 30,000 years ago. The circular or oval ring of stones together with the local materials that was used to act as a tent-like roof was enough evidence that the early humans practiced architecture. An encampment from 25,000 years ago h as been at Dolni Vestonice in Eastern Europe. The evolution of architecture shifted form tents to round houses by around 8000 BC. By 6500 BC, human beings lived in houses with straight walls, which had windows. From the 5th to the 2nd millennium, the construction of Stone Age graves and temples was acquired, and it became common. Multi-family dwelling also known as a multi-dwelling unit or multi-family residential is a categorization of the housing element for the non-commercial populace is contained within one or several building within one complex (McIntyre et al, 15). One common form of a multi-family dwelling is an apartment building. In some cases, multi-family dwelling building is owned individually instead of leasing from a single apartment building owner. There are different types of multi-family dwelling. These include two flat, which is commonly built on a house lot. The second one is a three flat which is similar to two flat, but it contains three flats; they are most com mon. Another type of multi-family dwelling is a four flat apartment (Graff, 17). Duplex or semi-detached - one building, which consist of two houses, townhouse – this is a type of house that is attached to townhouses. There is also the apartment, mixed used building, and apartment community. A one-family dwelling might be referred to as a semi-detached housing. In this case, each unit is separate from another. This makes it easier to sell the

Steve Smith and postmodernism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Steve Smith and postmodernism - Essay Example The paper "Steve Smith and Postmodernism" investigates how does Steve Smith defend postmodernism. The first defense of Smith from Østerud is his criticism against Østerud terminology as too abstract that cannot even pinpoint in detail his positions but rather content himself with quotations from international relations literature. In sum, Smith is criticizing Østerud for lack of vagueness and lack of originality. The terminology which Østerud uses that are often borrowed from epistemological argument and perspective, are also lambasted by Smith to be foggy and fancy â€Å"talking about imprecise shortcuts†. Østerud penchant for usage of new terminologies as required in studying international relations is also debunked by Smith to be hardly unique to international relations. Even the deconstruction method and approach of Østerud criticism against postmodernism which is deconstruction is also lambasted by Smith to be faulty because it leads an infinite regressi on that undermines the research. He also negated the claim of Østerud that postmodernism is anti-unscientific is very simplistic and reject the notion put forth by Ostrud that â€Å"postmoderns are not rigorous†. The biggest defense of Smith for postmodernism from the criticism of Østerud is his reiteration of the purpose of postmodernism to be closer to Enlightenment because it focuses on how to use knowledge to improve human condition which is the same as the aim of the enlightenment which is his direct refutation against Østerud’s criticism.

Integrated Marketing Communication Program For Pillow

Integrated Marketing Communication Program For Pillow Executive summary: Various PILLOW COMPANIES such as SATYAPAL AND ARCHIES etc. design various integrated marketing program. Although common objective of all IMC program is increase brand awareness, sale and design a unique image in customers mind. In order to address and attract customer all PILLOW companies launch various campaigns. To communicate with public and customers they advertise their campaign on TV, magazine, online and radio. Through their advertisement they want to design their brand image in customer mind. Besides advertisement, they also carried out promotion activity, public relation, direct marketing etc. Direct marketing is although time consuming but most effective tool for communication. Various PILLOW companies also organize various events in order to communicate properly with customers. Main purpose of this is to increase the sale of PILLOW. Before designing IMC program the company carries out market research in order to judge customers behaviors toward the products. For research they design the strategy. Before designing integrated marketing communication program it is necessary to judge consumers behavior toward PILLOW, it is necessary to known customers liking and disliking, these data provide various support during designing of IMC program. Although there are various media available for communicating but Print ads in magazine and news paper is seen most effective medium followed by television. After Research survey done by various PILLOW companies, it has been found that respondents were less brand conscious. There is no particular trend among customers. â€Å"Durability† and â€Å"comfort† are the major attributes considered by customer while buying PILLOW. Marketing plan plan Situation Analysis: Every organization faces a lot of problem at present time so it became necessary for every organization that before setting any objective carried out situation analysis in order to recognize strength, weakness, opportunities and threat present in our organization. According to Sally and John, marketing plans are â€Å"the written document or blueprint for implementing and controlling an organizations marketing activities related to a particular marketing strategy†. A successful marketing plan is able to improve organizations profits and growth, uses in objective setting and monitors results. So to gain a successful market plan it is necessary to understand the current situation comprehensively and trends affecting the future of the organization. There are two major reasons to explain why situation analysis plays a vital role in developing marketing plan. Firstly, dynamic marketing environment will lead to uncertainty, threats and opportunities for marketers. Marketing managers who success to know changes in environment through situation analysis can lead their companies to capitalize on opportunities and cope with threats created by changes. Then, systematically analyzing situational environments in order to identify our customers and understand their needs. There are certain opportunities in pillow industry, such as increase construction of houses, hotels etc increase market and market share through integrated PR, and advertisement and promotional campaign. Besides opportunities there is a lot of threat that create barrier for entry in to PILLOW industry. These threats are as follow: Increasing competition High price and decrease loyalty toward brand Main objective behind situation analysis is to known analyze customer, competitor and there strategy. Marketing objective: After situation analysis we became able to known our organization strength, weakness, opportunities and threat present in environment. It provides a lot of support in setting of objective. There may be a lot of marketing objective, some are as follow: Increase market share Create awareness among target audience. Use excessive advertising especially using media preferred by the target market. Create product belonging and position among buyers mind Marketing strategies: To achieve this objective we implement various strategies. Target market: Urban personality: High income group Hotel owners Marketing Mix Strategies : Main aim of pillow companies is to produce durable and comfortable pillow in various designs. This is mostly done to capture attention. They produce new and innovative pillow to capture more market share. Several pillow brands jump in the Indian market by producing high quality of pillow. Pricing range from Rs 500 Rs 1000 Pillow does not need too much promotion. The distribution channels for Pillow Company are as follows. MANUFACTURER (COMPANY) PILLOW SEND TO SHOWROOM CUSTOMER Internal Process It is as follows. Sample Cutting Stitching Washing Pressing and labeling Finishing Dispatched to store Packing and containers Explanation The sample is first send by the buyer. Its called a gold seal sample. In cutting dept, one piece is placed on the other and in this way a bundle of 50 PILLOW is made. Then the cutter cuts it. In the stitching dept, front end or the upper part is made. Then backend is made and they are assembled together in the assembly end. Washing can be done by simple garment wash or through the stone wash and chemicals. It is done according to the buyers request. In finishing dept, the quality of pillow is checked and mistakes are rectified. Then the pillow dispatched to the store. Then packing is done. It is done according to the buyers request. Then they are sent to the containers. Implementation tactics : Launch a blind ad campaign on billboards and magazines in all a class areas of major cities and magazine. Heavy advertising on TV, newspapers and magazines Set displays of pillow in showrooms and major dealer outlets in all cities. Reduce number of billboards, television and magazines advertisements. Continue Advertising Evaluation, Monitoring and Control: Goal of marketing plan is to achieve market objective that are established before implementation of marketing plan. We evaluate and control our strategic tactic by comparing our result with standard established before setting of plan, by measuring customer satisfaction and brand loyalty. If result is less than our standard than there any is default in implementation and monitoring. The people who are responsible for the monitoring and control of the marketing plan involves, the Marketing Executives, Sales Managers, Media Managers, Market Research Departments, and the Production Managers. Some activities must be carried out for precisely and closely evaluating the effectiveness of the strategies and tactics for example the gathering and structuring of data regarding market, product, consumers and the pricing trends, then the generation of daily sales report should be maintained and then in the end continuous reconfirming of the marketing budget and activities by the managers of different divisions. The Integrated Marketing Communication Plan Integrated Marketing Communications is a term used to describe a holistic approach to marketing communication. It aims to ensure consistency of message and the complementary use of media. The concept includes online and offline marketing channels. Online marketing channels include any e-marketing campaigns or programs, pay-per-click, affiliate, email, banner to latest web related channels for webinar, blog, micro-blogging, RSS, podcast, and Internet TV. Offline marketing channels are traditional print (newspaper, magazine), mail order, public relations, industry relations, billboard, radio, and television. A company develops its integrated marketing communication programme using all the elements of the marketing mix (product, price, place, and promotion) So Integrated marketing communication is integration of all marketing tools, approaches, and resources within a company which maximizes impact on consumer mind and which results into maximum profit at minimum cost. Promotional activities include Advertising, sales promotion, and personal selling activities. It also includes internet marketing, sponsorship marketing, direct marketing, database marketing and public relations. And integration of all these promotional tools along with other components of marketing mix to gain edge over competitor is called Integrated Marketing Communication. Situational analysis : First of all we carried out we carried out situation analysis in order to understood problem. In this we identify our competitors and their strategy for example Archies carried out competitor analysis and find out various strategy adopted by other pillow companies. After situation analysis Archies find out that the California gold rush whose trademark blue pillow have been an American clothing staple for generations, had fallen on hard times by 2004 and needed a change in strategic direction.After seven consecutive years of falling sales, profits turned to losses in 2003. Management responded to the decline by moving its manufacturing plants offshore and by introducing a new line of discount pillow in showroom. Under situation analysis we also analyze financial position of company. IMC objective : There are various IMC objective set by pillow company after situation analysis in order to accomplish their goal. Some of objective is as follow: To Increase sale by 50% in six month To Increase brand awareness To Increase customer loyalty To Increase desire of customer To Increase repeat purchase To measure customer satisfaction To create relationship with customer on personal level To control and observe public opinion To receive feedback from customer on regular basis Media objectives state the impact that you expect to have on an audience in terms of reach and frequency. Objectives must meet the following criteria: Measurability Quantifiability Realism time-specificity Budget determination: We need to establish what amount of money will be needed to achieve the IMC objectives.Although there is various methods present to determine what amount of money invest on IMC. These methods are as follow: Affordable Method Percentage of Sales Method Unit of Sales Method Zero Budgeting Method In affordable method we invest money on IMC as soon as we can afford. However in Percentage of Sales Method amount of money invest on IMC tool depend on what amount of sale we expect to achieve during course of year. These percentages are mostly adhoc and sometime based on judgment. In Unit of Sales Method Company allocate a certain proportion of cost of product to promotion. Thus say if ex factory cost of the product is say Rs 100/ the company will allot Rs.10/- toward promotion cost. Hence if company expects sale 10,000 unit of the product, thus allocated IMC budget will be Rs.100.000/-. In Zero Budgeting Method, company determine what need to achieve in term of sale and then rework backward in term of what money will be needed to be allocate to deliver those customers. Thus if company believe that in order to achieve their sales, 10,000 customers need to purchase their jeans once during the planning period than it will work out what number of prospective customers will needed to be targeted through ATL and BTL activity, in order to achieve that result. IMC Methodologies There are various component of integrated marketing communication that is as follow: Advertisement Advertisement is any paid form of non-personal presentation and promotion of ideas or products by an identified sponsor. Objective of any ads is to increase brand awareness. Objectives: There are mostly three objective of advertisement campaign, that is as follow: Inform Persuade Remind 1. Inform: Informative advertising, seeks to tell the market about the pillow, explain the new quality added in pillow, provide information on pricing, and build awareness of both the pillow quality and the company. Such objectives are normally pursued at the launch of a new quality pillow, or re-launch / up-date of an existing pillow. 2. Persuade: Here objectives are to encourage the target audience to switch brands, make the purchase, and create a preference in the market for the pillow as opposed to its competition. Advertising of this nature is required in highly competitive markets, where a range of pillow design competes directly with each other. In such circumstances businesses often seek to differentiate their pillow through Comparison Advertising either directly or indirectly comparing its pillow to that of its competitors. 3. Remind: Reminder Advertising, is used to maintain interest and awareness of a well established pillow brand in the market, often in the latter stages of its product life cycle. It is often used at the Point-of-Purchase to remind consumers of the Brand. Advertisement budget: Having identified advertising objectives, the advertising budget must be set. Determining exactly how much a business should spend on advertising to achieve the desired level of sales. Commonly, the decision is based on past experience of expenditure on advertising, and the sales subsequently achieved. There are however a number of factors that can be considered in setting the advertising budget Factors influencing the setting of advertising Budgets: Product life cycle stage: New products in the Launch stage of their Product Life Cycle, will normally require greater expenditure on advertising to create product awareness, and encourage consumers to trial the product. Whilst products that have reached Maturity in their product life cycle, will often require smaller advertising budgets to achieve the level of sales required. Competition: The number of competitors in the market, and their expenditure on advertising competing products, will influence a business to spend to a similar or higher degree. Product Differentiation: A product very similar to other products on the market may require greater expenditure on advertising to differentiate it from its competitors. Advertising Strategy: Developing an Advertising Strategy to achieve the objectives of a campaign, requires that consideration be given to both the ‘Message which will be communicated and the ‘Media through which it will be sent Advertising Message An advertising campaign, no matter how much money is spent, no matter what media is used, will only be successful if the Message appeals to the target audience. Given the level of advertising which bombards the average consumer, a successful advertising message must stand out amongst the advertising clutter. Thus marketing professionals are required to be creative, imaginative and innovative in developing the advertising message, both in terms of what is said, and How it is said? What is said This is often referred to as the ‘Big Idea, and will normally address the key benefits sought by the target audience, motivating the audience to pay attention. Given the constant search for new ways to appeal to target audiences, it is difficult to categories the content of advertising messages which a business may send; below we include a couple of examples of actual message strategy. For example: Satyapal brand, pillow and clothing: Satyapal. Keep it Simple. Satyapal, Its True. Fashion is nothing without people. In this example massage that draw attention of youth is quality must should be greater because without quality, fashion is zero. How they say it During delivery of advertisement massage in customer mind take the personality symbol, lifestyle and musical as consideration. In addition the tone of the advertisement will need to be established, which can be either positive or negative. The advert may therefore promote positive feelings of fun, contentment, and happiness or take on a more negative, somber, or even threatening tone. Selecting Advertising Media: In addition to deciding upon the content, style and tone of the advertising message, the media through which the message will be communicated to the target audience must also be selected. Mostly for pillow advertisement we select media such as magazine, newspaper and outdoor. TV rarely used for advertisement of pillow. In order to select the most appropriate media, consideration must should be given to various advantage and disadvantage of various media. Strengths and weakness of various media are as given below: Television : Strengths Dynamic attention getting media, combining visual, sound and animated stimulus. Strong potential Impact High market coverage Good at demonstrating products Weaknesses: Highly expensive Poor at communicating lengthy technical information Newspapers: Strengths: Targeting is possible through profiling readership Good level of market coverage Weaknesses: Static media, not suitable for product demonstration Potential for poor reproduction, sometimes limited to black and white print Short-life span, i.e. todays newspapers become tomorrows rubbish Magazines: Strengths: High quality reproduction, of color images Targeting is possible through specialist publications Good pass on readership Weaknesses: Static media, not suitable for product demonstration Lengthy lead-time between advert being placed and magazine being published Outdoor: Strengths: High repeat exposure to advert Relatively low cost Low levels of competition, in terms of advertising clutter Weaknesses: Limited audience selectivity / targeting possible Static media, not suitable for product demonstrations Difficult to monitor effectiveness â€Å"Make them your own† is the name of the campaign launched by Archies to boost the sale of pillow. This is one of the most aggressive marketing and advertising strategy followed by pillow to move up the sales. The theme of this marketing campaign is narcissistic youth. It will feature youth who will check themselves out in pillow. The advertising will target the age group of house hold wives. Mostly Archies also select TV, Magazine, and Newspaper as a media for delivering there massage about their product in customer mind. PRINT AD OF PILLOW Sale promotion: Sale promotion is collection of various consumers and trade promotional tool such as rebate, discount, gift, contest, coupons, price deal, contest game, sampling etc. to increase sale of products. There are certain objectives of sale promotion. However main objective is to increase immediate sale because Sales Managers are under great pressure to produce results quickly. Objective: There are certain objectives of sale promotion that are as follow: To increase immediate customer sale To increase support among the marketers sales force. To gain the support of the trade in marketing the product Reasons for Growth of Sales Promotion: There are number of reason for growth of company in sale promotion some are as follow: 1. Increasing Competition Due to increase in competition, companies are finding it increasingly difficult to compete on quality. They are therefore resorting to more innovative methods of sales promotion. In order to have a competitive advantage over its competitors like ARCHIES, SATYAPAL.JNO, once a year has a grand sale of up to 50%. 2. Customers Have Become More Price Sensitive: The increase price sensitivity is direct result of rampant inflation. Economic support this trend further, as a result customers and dealer became more sensitive toward price. If the customers get branded PILLOW at half the actual price, then they are definitely going to make huge purchases of SATYAPAL PILLOW because they want value for their money, as they are price sensitive. 3. Sales Promotions Generally Create an Immediate Positive Impact on Sales: Advertising, personal selling and other methods of promotion produce slower impact on sales in compared to sales promotion. Sales promotions are mostly for short duration, for a specified period, leading to a sense of urgency in consumers to buy now. This creates an immediate positive impact on sales. 4. Products have become more standardized: In many product categories there is proliferation of brand or line extension and me too many brands. Most of brand perceived by consumer varies little in price. Due to this it became very difficult for advertiser to reposition their product in customers mind. Due to which they focus on more and more on sale promotion to get immediate result. 6. Advertising Has Become More Expensive and Less Effective: All the advertising media have become quite expensive. Audio-visual medium, which is considered as the most effective for short-duration ads, may cost in excess of Rs. 1 lakh for a 10 second exposure during prime time. In many cases, consumers have reached a point of boredom due to excessive advertising on TV. Firms with small budgets cannot compete with big companies, which spend huge sums of money on advertising. For these small budget firms, sales promotion is a more cost-effective promotion method to produce sales results. 7. Trade Has Become More Powerful: At present time Retailers and wholesalers have became more powerful and demand extra facility from company to promote their product. Company has no other alternative. Besides these there is also various kind reason such as Excess Stocks, Impulse Buying Is Increasing, Sales Promotions Maximize Profits etc. Promotion Strategies: Promotional strategy is mostly run to change consumers behavior, to increase brand image, to increase profit, to increase sale of various good. There are mostly two kind of sale promotion, one is directed toward consumer and other one is directed toward trade such as dealer, supplier, retailer etc. Consumer sale promotion tool: there are a lot of promotional tool used to increase sale. Consumer sale promotion is directed toward consumer. It stimulate consumer to purchase their product rapidly. There are a lot of tool that are as follow: Price deal: Price deal is temporary reduction in price of product. There are two type of deal: cents-off deals and price-pack deals. Price deal is given at various times to stimulate purchase of pillow. Coupon: A coupon is typically a printed certificate giving the bearer a stated price reduction or special value on a specific product, generally for a specific period. Various company issue various kind of coupon that contain various discount price, customer get the advantage of this discount and purchase pillow at low price. Offer: There are various kind of gift is offer by various pillow industries. For example the branding magazine said that the archives will be conducting a marketing campaign centered on the idea that your favorite songs and your favorite pillow, make the perfect fit. Customers who try on a pair of the retailers new pillow will receive a free iTMS download. The campaign will be marketed with print and TV ads, and will feature TV commercials with musicians singing covers of their favorite song while wearing satyapal jeans. The company will be offering those collected covers in a CD at retail ARCHIES locations for customers who make a US$60 or more ARCHIES purchase. Premium: sometime various companies like Jno, SATYAPAL etc. offer some gift or at bargain price to encourage customer buying. Sampling: Some company like American eagles to known customer feedback provide free simple of various PILLOW according to their preference. Advertising Specialities: Advertising specialities also call a promotional product. It mostly given to our loyal customers. It includes various card like birthday card, New Year card. It is mostly done to retain old customer. Trade sale promotion tool: Objectives of Trade Sales Promotion: Gain/maintain distribution Influence resellers to promote product Influence resellers to offer price discount Increase reseller inventory Defend against competitors Avoid reduction of normal prices There are various sale promotion tools that stimulate trade to promote company product. There are a lot of trade sale promotion tools some are as discussed below: Trade Allowances: Trade allowances are short-term special allowances, discounts, or deals granted to resellers to stimulate reseller to rapid purchase of their product. Point-of-Purchase Display: Point-of-purchase displays are generally used at the retail level to call customer attention to a featured product. In this company employees observe every retail shop and that retail shop that display more company product will be winner of special gift or prize Trade Shows: A trade show is periodic, semi periodic public event at which supplier displays their Pillow and provides information about pillow quality and price to potential buyer. After implementing these different techniques of sale promotion we monitor result and evaluate these by comparing with objective set before implementation of plan. Public relation Public relation is nothing but creating a favorable relation for organization and product which is done through used of various communication channel and tool. So public relation is mostly done to improve the image of company and build good image in customers mind. So public relation may be define as â€Å"Public Relations is a set of management, supervisory, and technical functions that foster an organizations ability to strategically listen to, appreciate, and respond to those persons whose mutually beneficial relationships with the organization are necessary if it is to achieve its missions and values. Objective: like other aspect of marketing, public relation is also used to address several broad aspect of marketing like: Building Product Awareness When introducing a new product or relaunching an existing product, marketers can use a PR element that generates consumer attention and awareness through media placements and special events. Creating Interest: Public Relation create public interest to use the product at least for once time. Providing Information: Through the Public relation we can provide a lot of information about company activity and their product feature and service provided by company. This information is delivered to public through newspaper, article website, collateral material; PR helps in delivering information that helps to public in understanding the product feature. Stimulating Demand: A positive article in a newspaper, on TV, news show or mentioned on the Internet, often results in a discernable increase in product sales. Reinforcing the Brand: In many companies like JNO, SATYAPAL PILL Company the public relations function is also involved with brand reinforcement by maintaining positive relationships with key audiences, and thereby aiding in building a strong image. Direct Marketing Direct marketing is business of selling company product directly to customers through mail order, telephone, fax, e-mails, or web selling, rather than through retailers. Objective: There are mostly to objective for which direct marketing is carried out these are as follow: Convert not user to user. It is mostly done to obtain new client. The identification of new potential clients is very crucial when it comes to recruit new prospects and transformed them into your clients. The perpetual loyalty of customers. A loyal consumer cost less than new customers. Strategy: Various pillow industry like archives, satyapal involved in direct marketing to get more market share. These companies sent a mail-order catalog to approximately prospective customers. 100-page catalog, developed in-house, targets both men and women and also contains 10 pages devoted to home products. There are various tools for direct marketing these are as : Direct mail, Telemarketing, Email Marketing ,faxing, Voicemail, Couponing, Direct response television marketing. Besides these pillow producing company also used various methods to promote their product. One method that archiess has recently taken is Path Breaking Strategy. Path breaking strategy byARCIES: This strategy is mostly for that pillow whose cost above Rs.600. We know a lot of thing about EMIs for house, car and other kind of white goods. But these EMIs is first time adopted by archives for jeans. This idea has been conceptualized by archives. Downturn market, cost cutting everywhere and empty pockets is the present situation; and here to curb all these hindrances, Archies is now, for the first time ever offering EMI facilities on its pillow in India. Simply shop for more than Rs. 600 and you can avail this offer. This amount will be set off through your credit card in three equal installments. They have also tied up with ICICI Bank for the credit card settlement. There are certain objectives behind this strategy that are as follow: To increase the sales of premium pillow wear category that is worth more than Rs. 800 per pillow. To ensure sales throughout the year irrespective of seasonality: How will this objective be achieved: Indian market for apparels is highly driven by seasonalit

Noél - French Essay :: French Essay

Noà ©l - French Essay NoÃÆ' «l est une fÃÆ' ªte grande pour les chrÃÆ' ©tiens mais beaucoup des personnes tout la monde aussi cÃÆ' ©lÃÆ' ¨bre NoÃÆ' «l. Je suis Hindu mais j'ai cÃÆ' ©lÃÆ' ¨bre NoÃÆ' «l parce que c'est une fÃÆ' ªte qui est agrÃÆ' ©able. J'ai cÃÆ' ©lÃÆ' ¨bre NoÃÆ' «l avec ma mÃÆ' ¨re, mon pÃÆ' ¨re et mon petit sÃ…â€Å"ur cette annÃÆ' ©e. NoÃÆ' «l est une fÃÆ' ªte grande pour les chrÃÆ' ©tiens parce que c'est l'anniversaire du JÃÆ' ©sus Christ. Cette annÃÆ' ©e, pendent la saison de NoÃÆ' «l, j'ai achetÃÆ' © un calendrier d'advient. Je compte les jours le NoÃÆ' «l avec le calendrier d'advient. J'achÃÆ' ¨te beaucoup de cardes de NoÃÆ' «l et cadeaux pour mes amis et ma famille. Nous mettons le sapin de NoÃÆ' «l dans le dÃÆ' ©cembre cette annÃÆ' ©e. On a un sapin qui est sept pieds longs et je dÃÆ' ©core le sapin de NoÃÆ' «l avec des lumiÃÆ' ¨res. Je dÃÆ' ©core ma maison aussi avec les multicolores lumiÃÆ' ¨res. Sous le sapin je mets les cadeaux que je reÃÆ' §ois de mes amis et les cadeaux que je donnerai pour ma famille. Je prends les cartes que je reÃÆ' §ois dans ma maison. Moi, je suis hindu et je ne vais pas ÃÆ'   l'ÃÆ' ©glise. Normalement le jour de NoÃÆ' «l, je me rÃÆ' ©veille trÃÆ' ¨s tÃÆ' ´t vers sept heures et demie. J'ai descendu pour la cuisine aller au salon et j'ai ouvre mes cadeaux que j'ai reÃÆ' §u devant le sapin de NoÃÆ' «l. Plus tard, aprÃÆ' ¨s mon petit dÃÆ' ©jeuner, je prÃÆ' ©pare la nourriture dans la cuisine avec ma mÃÆ' ¨re. D'habitude, je suis restÃÆ' © ÃÆ'   la maison et fait la cuisine avec ma mÃÆ' ¨re. Pour les grands repas, ma mÃÆ' ¨re prÃÆ' ©pare boulet rÃÆ' ´tir avec des choux les Brussel et pomme de terre. Normalement je prÃÆ' ©pare les carottes et un grand chocolat gÃÆ' ¢teau. J'achÃÆ' ¨te une hacher tartes pour ma famille et j'invite mes amis et mes cousines pour des grands repas et nous faisons un boom. A mon avis j'adore NoÃÆ' «l parce que c'est chouette et amusant. J'aime mette le sapin de NoÃÆ' «l et allumer des bougies. J'ai adore faire du shopping pour les cadeaux pour mes amis. Aussi j'aime les que j'ai

Life Principles

Certain past experiences have shaped and melded principles that I live by daily. Values such as time, family and health became a priority through difficult moments. Events when I had health problems taught me to appreciate time and prioritise my well-being and moments when I was deprived of closed ones made value them more than ever before. First of all, one of my main moments in life was when I was misdiagnosed with cancer. It all started when I was still in school, my maturity exams where getting close and every day I was followed by constant headaches. Few month were spent going from one doctor to another. Finally I got results of MRI of my brain which said I have cancer tissue. I remember as it was yesterday, going out of the hospital, standing and hugging my mother and crying. I never felt that scared in my life. Then, after more visits I received another diagnosis, thankfully a brighter one. Those few month have thought that time should not be wasted as there might not be as much of it as you wish. Secondly, fast-forward to a couple years later. I had the opportunity to do an internship in Milan at one starred Michelin restaurant. I believed it was going to be the next step in my career as a pastry chef. Then those three months that I spent in Italy were one of the most intense and toughest month. As I worked fourteen hours a day, six days per week, homesickness was in full mode. It was not easy, but it helped me understood how much I miss and value my family and close friends. Finally, one year has gone by since I was in Milan and I was facing health issues once again. I completely transformed into a workaholic and drove myself into a hospital bed. I would be lying in the hospital bed, l still would stress about my job. With the help of my family and close friends I understood that if I want to live a happy life, I should prioritise my mental and physical health. All in all, my past experiences helped to figure out how much I value my time, family and health. These values have become my guidelines, not only in times of struggle, but in everyday situations. Having strong values in life can help make better decisions and lead a stable life.

What Literature Can Teach Us

What Literature Can Teach Us Literature is a term used to describe written and sometimes spoken material. Derived from the Latin word  literature  meaning writing formed with letters, literature most commonly refers to works of the creative imagination, including poetry, drama, fiction, nonfiction, and in some instances, journalism, and song.   What Is Literature? Simply put, literature represents the culture and tradition of a language or a people.  The concept is difficult to precisely define, though many have tried; its clear that the accepted  definition of literature is constantly changing and evolving. For many, the word literature suggests a higher art form; merely putting words on a page doesnt necessarily equate to creating literature. A canon is the accepted body of works for a given author. Some works of literature are considered canonical, that is, culturally representative of a particular genre (poetry, prose, or drama). Literary Fiction vs. Genre Fiction Some definitions also separate literary fiction from so-called genre fiction, which includes types such as mystery, science fiction, western, romance, thriller, and horror. Think mass-market paperback. Genre fiction typically does not have as much character development as literary fiction and is read for entertainment, escapism, and plot, whereas literary fiction explores themes common to the human condition and uses symbolism and other literary devices to convey the authors viewpoint on his or her chosen themes. Literary fiction involves getting into the minds of the characters (or at least the protagonist) and experiencing their relationships with others. The protagonist typically comes to a realization or changes in some way during the course of a literary novel. (The difference in type does not mean that literary writers are better than genre fiction writers, just that they operate differently.) Why Is Literature Important? Works of literature, at their best, provide a kind of blueprint of human society. From the writings of ancient civilizations such as Egypt and China to Greek philosophy and poetry, from the epics of Homer to the plays of William Shakespeare, from Jane Austen and Charlotte Bronte to Maya Angelou, works of literature give insight and context to all the worlds societies. In this way, literature is more than just a historical or cultural artifact; it can serve as an introduction to a new world of experience. But what we consider to be literature can vary from one generation to the next.  For instance, Herman Melvilles 1851 novel Moby Dick  was considered a failure by contemporary reviewers. However, it has since been recognized as a masterpiece and is frequently cited as one of the best works of Western literature for its thematic complexity and use of symbolism. By reading Moby Dick in the present day, we can gain a fuller understanding of literary traditions in Melvilles time.   Debating Literature   Ultimately, we may discover  meaning in literature  by looking at what the author writes or says and how he or she says it. We may interpret and debate an authors message by examining the words he or she chooses in a given novel or work or observing which character or voice serves as the connection to the reader. In academia, this decoding of the  text is often carried out through the use of  literary theory using a mythological, sociological, psychological, historical, or other approaches to better understand the context and depth of a work. Whatever critical paradigm we use to discuss and analyze it, literature is important to us because it speaks to us, it is universal, and it affects us on a deeply personal level.   School Skills Students who study literature and read for pleasure have a higher vocabulary, better reading comprehension, and better communication skills, such as writing ability. Communication skills affect people in every area of their lives, from navigating interpersonal relationships to participating in meetings in the workplace to drafting intraoffice memos or reports. When students analyze literature, they learn to identify cause and effect and are applying critical thinking skills. Without realizing it, they examine the characters psychologically or sociologically. They identify the characters motivations for their actions and see through those actions to any ulterior motives. When planning an essay on a work of literature, students use problem-solving skills to come up with a thesis and follow through on compiling their paper. It takes research skills to dig up evidence for their thesis from the text and scholarly criticism, and it takes organizational skills to present their argument in a coherent, cohesive manner. Empathy and Other Emotions Some studies say that people who read literature have more empathy for others, as literature puts the reader into another persons shoes. Having empathy for others leads people to socialize more effectively, solve conflicts peacefully, collaborate better in the workplace, behave morally, and possibly even become involved in making their community a better place. Other studies note a correlation between readers and empathy but do not find causation. Either way, studies back the need for strong English programs in schools, especially as people spend more and more time looking at screens rather than books. Along with empathy for others, readers can feel a greater connection to humanity and less isolated. Students who read literature can find solace as they realize that others have gone through the same things that they are experiencing or have experienced. This can be a catharsis and relief to them if they feel burdened or alone in their troubles. Quotes About Literature Here are some quotes about literature from literature giants themselves. Robert Louis Stevenson: The difficulty of literature is not to write, but to write what you mean; not to affect your reader, but to affect him precisely as you wish.Jane Austen, Northanger Abbey: The person, be it gentleman or lady, who has not pleasure in a good novel,  must be intolerably stupid.William Shakespeare, Henry VI: â€Å"I’ll call for pen and ink and write my mind.†

White Tale Deer essays

White Tale Deer essays Whitetail Deer can be found all over North America. Deer have the ability to adapt to almost any habitat, making them one of the most overpopulated animals in many parts of the United States. Recently deer have received more attention the normal. This is due to the fact that they are one of the most unpredictable animals in the world. Until recently their behaviors were unknown. The population of deer across America has been growing at tremendous rates, making the species easier to observe. Many people assume hunters are the only ones interested. Farmers and everyday people are affected by the exponential growth of the white tail deer. Crops are diminishing at huge rates. In areas of overpopulation, deer can cause an over browsing effect which can destroy most plant species up to six feet. People are being killed by deer related car accidents on a regular basis. These are some things that can possibly be avoided if the public was more informed on the behaviors of deer. The male deer is called a buck and the female deer is called a doe. There are some very distinct differences in their appearances that are good to know. The male buck has what are called antlers. Hunters refer to them as the rack. The bucks will shed its antlers each year and just before fall they will return or grow back. The antlers consist of bone and grow out of the top of the head. Does are relatively smaller in size and usually are seen leading a herd of dear. This is why many hunters will wait after they see a doe hoping that the male buck will follow. Hunting season starts when mating season begins, this is why the buck will usually follow the doe. Bucks can grow to be between 200 and 300 pounds and can grow enormous antlers. During mating season the bucks are very aggressive and can be very territorial. They mark their area by what is called scrubs. They stand on there hind legs and reach as high as they can to scrub the tree. It leaves t...

Why did the Tokugawa permit the 'Floating World' to operate Essay

Why did the Tokugawa permit the 'Floating World' to operate - Essay Example The representative art of the floating world in Japan was the traditional Japanese form of art and showed Japanese cultural influences merged with Western forms to provide originality in form and presentation of such artistic creations. Ukiyo-e is thus a form of Japanese traditional art that used art as a form of social criticism and represents society in all its aspects. In fact Ukiyo-e represented all cultural forms at the time and issues related to social conflicts and cultural changes, sexual taboos and attitudes towards social norms, war and art life. A man’s role in a rapidly changing environment is represented in these art forms and in this discussion I will highlight why the Tokugawa shogunate permit the Floating world to operate within Japan. In this context a novel ‘An Artist of the Floating World’ has been written by K.Ishiguro which represented WWII Japan and showed how the attitudes and paintings have changed in recent times within the limits of Japanese traditional art. The use of Kimono and geisha themes, the popularity of Japanese samurais and sushi are all features of the Ukiyo-e period and the period represents a unique Japanese culture highlighting traditional Japanese forms, arts, food and everything representative of traditional Japan. Ukiyo-e, the traditional Japanese art form came into existence during the Edo period (1615- 1868) along with the emergence of the unified government of Japan and growth of a large urban population. Edo has now been transformed to modern Tokyo and the pleasure quarters of the modern city was known as Ukiyo or the floating world (Yasutaka et al, 2000). Ukiyo is portrayed negatively in Buddhism as the term means ephemereal or worldly and transitory pleasures and gradua lly came to be known as a world of sensual pleasures that are valued in the modern world (Kabayashi, 1992). Ukiyo-e literally means pictures or images of the floating world or the world of pleasures and represents an art form in traditional Japan that highlighted these different dimensions of pleasure, and art that recorded the life vein of Edo at that time - the geishas and courtesans, the kabuki actors, samurais, and the art on these themes was based on the traditional ukiyo-e form of woodblock printing. The kabuki theatre highlighted and patronized the merchant class as well as erotic art and landscape of Japan (Hebbitt, 1975). The representations of Mt Fuji, depiction of waves and scenes of landscapes and seascapes show the views of nature and represents classical style and Japanese emphasis on nature, values and tradition. Some of the main Japanese artists who represented the floating world in their art and paintings are Hiroshige, Kuniyoshi, Hokusai, Kunisada, and Utamaro. The Ukiyo-e artists produced erotic prints, paintings and subjects within the Shunga. Ukiyo-e had a focus on sexual and erotic themes and celebrated sensuality and sexuality and many modern paintings are simply representations of the older ones. The Ukiyo-e artists have used their art to expose political corruption, social disorder, as well as violence and chaos along with gestures of emotion and drama as well as varied sexual and erotic themes. However the Ukiyo-e art was allowed to flourish by the Tokugawa shogunate but in 1850 with the fall of the Shogunate, Japan's politics became enmeshed in a civil war and the Ukiyo-e art at this time lost its patronage of the Tokugawa Shogunate and also highlighted the violence and political disruption of the situation as the Tokugawa shogunate collapsed. In the initial stages of the Edo period, the region had a feudal political system with a

Soccer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Soccer - Essay Example During normal competitions, a win results to three points whereas a draw results to one point. The basic law of this game is that only the goalkeeper should handle the ball using hands during play except in instances of a throw- in (Wingate, 2007). The players should not wear any dangerous material such as jewels whereas the goalkeeper must wear distinguishable clothing that is different from other players and match officials. Substitution of players occurs during the game and the permitted substitutions in a competitive game are three though this number may vary in friendly matches (Wingate, 2007). The reasons for substitution are injury and incompetence of a player. In addition, a coach may substitute a player in case of a tactical switch. A referee preside the game and has complete authority to impose the laws associated with the game. The referee can send a player off the field in case of any serious offence committed such as inappropriate tackling and intentional handling of the ball. A referee may punish a player’s misconduct through caution and issues a yellow card or send off by issuing a red card (Wingate, 2007). A standard match consists of two periods comprising of forty-five minutes each (Wingate, 2007). In addition, there is a fifteen minutes break amid halves. The referee who is the timekeeper may opt to give additional time to recover time lost because of attending an injured player. Conclusively, an individual must master some skills to perfect in this game such as shooting, juggling, and dribbling (Wingate, 2007). Defenders need to master the skill of

Procedures or Methods Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Procedures or Methods - Research Paper Example The researcher requires a platform for explaining reasons behind the collected data. The researcher has to develop guidelines that help collect the reasons behind the results during the research process. This involves the formulation of causal explanations that justify the collected information. Beneficial ways of identifying and carrying out a research depend on the researcher’s intimate understanding of the issue to be studied. This is enhanced during the design process where the researcher gets some background information on the issue. The NCLB law was enacted to give children with disabilities equal education opportunities with their counterparts without disabilities (Baker, 2010). The research design process begins with identifying the aim of the research. In this case, the researcher would be interested in finding out the benefits of NCLB and how the children have benefited so far. Some scholars consider NCLB law to contradict with the initial IDEA law that protects indi viduals with disabilities (Baker, 2010). The researcher may include the effects of the two laws in protecting people with disabilities. The teachers and state education heads have developed educational interventions in order to comply with NCLB requirements and meet the required student performance. The results and failures of the strategies can be included in the aims of the research. The second step is to formulate the research questions that completely address the aims of the research (Bynner and Stribley, 2010). These questions shed light on the benefits of NCLB and the effects it has created in the education system. The research questions are: Where would Special Needs children be educationally without No Child Left Behind? What impact has NCLB created among children with disabilities? What strategies have been formulated by the education board and what effects have they introduced in the curriculum? What issues make the implementation of NCLB difficult and what are the resourc es involved in the implementation process? The third step is to design the research paradigm or theoretical framework. The framework provides a guiding structure and range of tool that will help the researcher answer the research questions. This research would require a positivistic method of collecting data like interviewing students with disabilities, parents, teachers, and curriculum developers (Mitchell and Jolley, 2012). Questionnaires would also be helpful in collecting quantitative data on the subject. The questionnaires would be distributed to various schools within the state. They would have sections to be filled by students, teachers and their parents. These would increase the sampling area by minimizing the effort used when conducting interviews. The students would provide data on the effects of NCLB on their education process. The teachers would provide information regarding the effects of the law on the curriculum and the cumulative effects on the education process for students. Parents would also provide information regarding student performance and perceived benefits introduced by the law. The curriculum developers or education officials in the state offices would provide information regarding the effects of the law on curriculum development and the challenges faced when implementing the guidelines. The questionnaires would also involve questions dealing with the benefits of NCLB on the students, the impact in the education